Stuart Hall describes representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things (Hall, 1997).The study of representation has tended to focus upon the way in which different social groups are represented (gender, race, sexuality, social class, etc.). Stuart Hall’s REPRESENTATION theory (please do not confuse with RECEPTION) is that there is not a true representation of people or events in a text, but there are lots of ways these can be represented. He describes representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things. Hall mentions how media is so influential today and holds power. Representations are signs or images that stand in for something that exists in the real world. The preferred meaning of Life On Mars is to learn from the mistakes of the past generations beliefs and as a result show the difference between then (the 70s) and now (2007). and exchanged between members of a culture. ‘preferred meaning’. mean by it? images which stand for or represent things. Culture shapes the way we read a representation, but representations also shape our cultural attitudes to things. SAGE Publications London*Thousand Oaks»Mew Delhi in association with 9TheOpen Universjíy REPRESENTATION Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices Ed/ted by STUART HALL The Qpen University, Walton Hall Hall cares largely for the images which create the normality of culture. A phase talking about the racial problems within media and how groups of people in general are either negatively portrayed/represented or positively and how there is a gap between the reality in situations and the representation of certain scenarios. Does He believed this was the wrong way to phrase it as representation to him was the exchange and production of meaning between members of a culture.This way of phrasing representation was particularly applied to Hall's ascribed ideology to the representation of black people. This was because he believed that black people at the time were mostly represented through stereotypes that were reinforced and would tend to be negative.Hall's opinion was that representation was mostly spread with images as it is universally understood and are the main way in which the media portrays its representations of certain groups. Read a few of the descriptions and gather a list of links that might seem useful. Hall comments on how representation is not about how media portrays the reality, because that would mean that there is a real meaning to everything. He was Professor of Sociology at the Open University, the founding editor of New Left Review, and Director of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham. But what exactly do people If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Thus, meaning can be contested. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. STRUCTURE: Institutions, such as religion, the state, and the economy, and factors such as sex, gender, age, class, nationality, ethnicity, etc., which influence the opportunities that individuals have. It means "using language to say something meaningful about, or to represent, the world meaningfully, to other people". what is absent, and what is different. Stuart Hall was a cultural theorist who emphasised and showcased the importance of cultural representation in the media. He mostly focuses on images as he believes they are the main thing which appears in the media. He describes his theory as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things. He is mostly concerned with images because they are the main way that representations saturate the global stage and he says they are the idiom of representation that shape culture. to fix the meaning (albeit in a different way). We organize things into types of things, which is very useful. Stuart Hall's REPRESENTATION theory (please do not confuse with RECEPTION) is that there is not a true representation of people or events in a text, but there are lots of ways these can be represented. Or is meaning constructed in and through Representation connects meaning and language to culture. in news programmes). It is important to note that language is completely arbitrary, often bearing little resemblance to the things to which they refer. One of his concerns was that people of a different culture have to be involved in a drama or crisis for them to become visible to the media. To create deliberate anti-stereotypes is still to attempt However, we also tend to apply this to people (which is called stereotyping). Representation is the production of the meaning of the concepts in our minds through language. Stuart Hall describes Representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things.Hall has particularly been influencing racial thinking in the UK. Stuart Hall, “The Work of Representation” (8/31) What is the primary theoretical framework offered? Stuart Hall - a cultural theorist who spoke about the representation of "true meanings" in the media via visual presentation or re-presentation.He particularly focuses on black people in the UK and how they have been represented badly challenging black stereotypes and creating a positive outlook on black people. He believes that mass media creates and defines the issues of public concern through audience positioning, the dominant reading, negotiated reading and the oppositional reading. The first article I will be summarizing by Stuart Hall “Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices” (1997) is a study of the crucial links between language, culture and how shared meanings are constructed and represented within language. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Encoding is the event which then goes through the media and the decoding is the representation we see. It does explain his encoding/decoding model with more detail but it is still not totally clear. This new view of representation is central to thinking He challenges stereotypes; mainly racist stereotypes aiming to give a positive black identity. Hall suggests, meaning is given to images that are depicted, and as a use of worldwide communication can change the way people, places and events are presented.He suggested that the use of visual representation of black people in the UK was negatively used and that they were racially positioned in stereotypical roles. These signs help us to match the concept world in our head with the real world. Having the media surrounding us we as the public are to believe the sense of the perfect person is to what we should be. This comment has been removed by the author. Hall emphasizes how the medias representation is crucial in defining the problems and issues of public concern. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. He says that many representations in the media are negative, and stereotype people. language (constructionist)? One of his concerns was that people of a different culture have to be involved in a drama or crisis or criminal activity for them to become visible to the media. _____ is … A sense that we are to believe what we see. Stuart Hall was an influential Jamaican-born British sociologist and cultural theorist. Analysis of Stuart Hall’s Encoding/Decoding By Nasrullah Mambrol on November 7, 2020 • ( 1 ) Arguably the single most widely circulated and debated of all Hall’s papers, ‘ Encoding/decoding ’ (1973/1980) had a major impact on the direction of cultural studies in the 1970s and 1980s and its central terms remain keywords in the field. He describes his theory as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or help to represent things.Stuart Hall suggested that the use of visual representation of black people in the UK was negatively used and that they were racially positioned in stereotypical roles (Negative). Stuart Hall was a theorist who was concerned with how the media represents different groups of people. culture. CHAPTER ONE The concept of representation has come to occupy a new and important place in the study of representation implicates the audience in creating its meaning. The primary theoretical approaches that help us to understand the concepts of representation are reflective, intentional, and constructionist approaches to representation. The three key theories of Theories of Representation 2 representation as developed by go inside the stereotype and open it up from within, to deconstruct the work of Hall applied this idea especially to the representation of black people in the UK and pointed out that many representations tended to be negative and to reinforce stereotypes of black men and women that made them seem different and less worthy. He describes his theory as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs … So, the exam board provide us with this explanation of Stuart Hall's take on representation. Cultural theorist Stuart Hall describes representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things (Hall, 1997). Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. STUART HALL’S THEORY OF THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION. In this chapter we will be concentrating on one of the key processes in the ‘cultural circuit’ (see Hall also focuses mainly on images due to their large scale popularity in modern day media. of which you drink water. Stuart hall talks generally about media and its representation in modern day, and how media is all part of a process. Hall emphasises the importance of visual representation – the image seems to be the prevalent sign of late modern culture. Let's try to make it simpler:Hall suggests that representations are images or signs that stand in for something that exists in the real world. Hall looks at the general process of representation. Hall describes representation as the way meaning is produced and passed onto people using language, images etc.Hall mostly talks about visual representation because this is the way things are represented most in media.Representation is the way in which meaning is given, and also its the way the media has re-presented what was already there.Hall says that the media plays a "crucial" role in presenting the problems of the world to the public (e.g. Hall looked at the role of audience positioning in the interpretation of mass media by different groups. By looking at the ideology of the person making the media and then comparing it to the gap, we can look at the intended effect of the media. usage of the term is as follows: ‘Representation means using language to say something meaning- THE WORK OF REPRESENTATION This approach to textual analysis focuses on the scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience. Du Gay et al., 1997, and the Introduction to this volume) – the practices of representation. representation. A as you will soon discover. Stuart Hall – Dominant, Oppositional and Negotiated Readings of Representation: “Stuart Hall’s theory (see audiences) is also useful in understanding how some representations reflect the dominant culture e.g. Does focus on race and Hall is concerned with that but also with other ideas about the power of representation. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Stuart Hall – Key Points
Hall emphasises the importance of visual representation – the image seems to be the prevalent sign of late modern culture.
Representation – to present/to depict.
The word suggests something was there already and has been represented by the media.
Representation as that which stands in for something else.
Representation is the way in which meaning is given to the things which are depicted that stand in for something.<… Stuart Hall presents representation by where meaning is produced within language that is constructed through signifying.This representation is produced through members of a culture through the form of language, signs and images that represent things. A simple and easy to understand guide to Stuart Hall's Representation Theory to help students and teachers doing Media Studies at A-level, or even at GCSE. STUART HALL - REPRESENTATION THEORY 1 Encoding, decoding model Hall is interested in the way audiences receive understand and interpret media messages.He is also interested in the way producers ensure that audiences receive their intended He also says that there is a 'gap of representation' between the true meaning or event and the representation. As far as they are concerned, it could just as well be written COW or VACHE or indeed XYZ” (Hall, 1997Hall believed that in the media Black and Immigrant people are always portrayed in a bad view so he believed that people who would read/view these pieces would believe it is not perfect or good to be a Black or Mirant person. But we can also see how it could lead to problems when we look at words like or images of: 'immigrant' 'Muslim' 'homosexual' 'terrorist' ' racist'. Stuart Hall has 135 books on Goodreads with 13613 ratings. perspective which has had the most significant impact on cultural studies in recent years. Stuart Hall: Representation Theory The idea of adultery or cheating is something that people may not want to see a woman doing because they would like to think that women are the innocent and fragile whereas the men In order to 2.1 Representation and identity A Cultural theorist, also a leading figure of the development of media and cultural studies, Stuart Hall’s cultural representation theory is very representative and has a significant impact in the field of cultural studies. Power – through or theories: the reflective, the intentional and the constructionist approaches to representation. This He suggests that the way that the representation is constructed helps to distort or define the meaning the audience should give to what happened in real life. Link 4: A simplified explanation using examples from films featuring Will Smith. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Link 3: A slideshare containing a whole book about representation. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. This could be an event, a person, a group of people etc. 1 REPRESENTATION, MEANING AND LANGUAGE With repeated use, we can see how this could be very useful, as with words like: 'please' 'can' 'I' 'have' 'a' 'glass' 'of' and 'water'. Hall argues for a new view that gives the concept of representation a much more active and creative role in relation to the way people think about the world and their place within it. Here we will be drawing a distinction between three different accounts See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Step 1 - Read the definition given to us by the exam board. He also argues that the way we represent events and people can shape our cultural understanding and 'truth' about different social groups and also that our cultural background will affect how we read (preferred, negotiated, oppositional) representations.He points to the fact that we tend to organize things based on similarity and difference, and that this can influence our cultural reaction to social based on where we draw the lines or connection and difference. Stuart Hall was a cultural theorist who challenged the old definition of representation within the media which was that media distorted or reflected reality. In particular we see Hall lay out the conceptual groundwork for an Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices Book 2 of Culture, Media and Identities series Volume 2 of Open University courses: D Editor Stuart Hall Contributor Open University Edition illustrated, reprint Stuart Hall - Representation Theory. I will need to read it a few times and talk it through with someone. Stuart Hall edit data. Link 2: The Wikipedia page about Hall. Images are used to assign meaning to the thing that really exists and there could be a gap between that meaning and the reality. He suggested that the way the media presents things is that they change it to fit the stereotypes they believe so that viewers are not seeing the real story or image. 226 1.2 Why does 'difference' matter? ideology or by stereotyping – tries to fix the meaning of a representation in a Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist who emphasised the importance of cultural representation in the media. We use representations to communicate with each other but we need to have some shared cultural understandings for that to make sense. ful about, or to represent, the world meaningfully, to other people.’You may well ask, ‘Is that all?’ It is the link between concepts and language which enables us to Cultural theorist Stuart Hall offers an extended meditation on representation. Hall was concerned by just how powerful the media is and believed that the media can effectively dictate what should be issues of public concern and interest through audience positioning. Stuart Hall's preferred reading theory Stuart Hall proposed the idea that as an audience we must decode messages that the media have encoded us to hear and see. In chapter four of “The Work of Representation” Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practice, Stuart Hall begins by giving an overview of Foucault’s perspective of discourse. No public clipboards found for this slide. Hall describes representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and things which stand for or represent things. Hall is a cultural theorist and he examines the media to preset his ideology of how cultural representation in the media and how it is used to look at the general process of representation. He said that whenever they appeared, they were linked to some form of social issue such as immigration. AGENCY: The capacity of individuals to act independently and make free choices. Hall became one of the main proponents of reception theory, and developed Hall's Theory of encoding and decoding. Stuart Hall’s most popular book is Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Pra... * Note: these are all the books on Goodreads for this author. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTzMsPqssOY, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist, https://www.slideshare.net/mattheworegan/stuart-hall-representation-theory, https://www.slideshare.net/sabreenanoor/stuart-hall-representation, https://tracesofthereal.com/2009/12/13/stereotyping-as-a-signifying-practice-stuart-hall-1997/, THEORY - REPRESENTATION (ETHNICITY AND POST-COLONIAL), THEORY - REPRESENTATION (FEMINIST THEORY), THEORY - REPRESENTATION (GENDER PERFORMATIVITY). Well worth a read for a deeper understanding. Link 1: A clip of Stuart Hall giving a lecture on culture and representation. According to Hall, representation is produced by two systems that complete each other to form meaning, the mental representation which includes all objects, people, concepts, and language, which allows us to describe these objects, and people and concepts 2 fproducing meaning that could be communicated through signs like words, sounds, images and objects. is not about whether the media reflects or distorts reality, as this implies When thinking about Stuart Hall’s theoretical legacy, ‘power’ is probably not the first term that comes to mind. One common-sense Representation I need more: Searching might be as simple typing in: 'Theories of Representation - Hall', or you might need to look a little further. Stereotyping is dangerous because it declares "this is what you are, and this is all you are.". So, producers try to ‘fix’ a meaning (or way of understanding) people or events in their texts. Start studying Applying Stuart Hall's Theory of Representation to Riptide. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Hall encourages us to consider the gap of representation and reality and to consider the ideology of the people making the representation (constructing the stereotype) in order to work out why the gap exists. Stuart Hall's theory involves the 'true meaning' and media representation with a gap in the middle to ensure that the image depicted will evoke reaction from the audience. He describes it through phases. A small addition:According to Hall, representations only gain meaning when they are used repeatedly. How does the concept of representation connect meaning and language to culture? Utilising Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding theory, the hegemonic approach to this statement implies that the audience unquestionably accept the statement as the media depicts it, in a manner which reflects the fundamentality of When we look at representations of race we should be interested in the gap of representation and the ideology of the person presenting it. say, his or her personally intended meaning (intentional)? https://www.slideshare.net/reigatemedia/stuart-hall-audience-positioningUsed this the other day, its simple but idk, maybe helpful? Hall believed that blacks were unfairly treated in the media. This theory links directly to reception theory too, but focuses more on how stereotypes are constructed by the media and the hegemonic elite. 1. 223 THE SPECTACLE OF THE 'OTHER' Stuart Hall Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 225 1.1 Heroes or villains? Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist who emphasised the importance of cultural representation in the media. As Stuart Hall describes:“Trees would not mind if we used the word SEERT – ‘trees’ written backwards – to represent the concept of them… it is not at all clear that real trees know that they are trees, and even less clear that they know that the word in English which represents the concept of themselves is written TREE whereas in French it is written ARBRE! 1. Stuart Hall’s theories of representation have always been very important when it comes to cultural theory. Meaning is constituted by representation, by what is present, It is often useful to annotate the links a little to help you remember what they contain and perhaps help you to share them with others. He called this the "gap in representation". It does involve the use of language, of signs and Stuart Hall describes identity as a structured representation which only achieves its positive through the narrow eye of the negative. Link 5: This link is an extract from an essay by Hall on stereotyping. of this chapter is to introduce you to this topic, and to explain what it is about and why we give it Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. explore this connection further, we will look at a number of different theories about how language is He is mostly concerned with images because they are the main way that representations saturate the media. Post your thoughts in the comments section below. Stuart Hall was a cultural theorist and examined the media to preset his ideology of how cultural representation in the media is used to create a meaning to a manipulated image or event to entice the audience in what the producer of this media wants them think through the representation of people. He felt that they were often stereotyped when represented in the media. A more effective strategy is to The aim Representations exist as concepts in our minds and help us to organize reality. that there can be one ‘true’ meaning, but the many meanings a representation Well, yes and no. Use examples if you wish. Hall also focuses on racial thinking within the UK. Social Sciences, Cultural Studies, Critical Theory. 01-Hall_Ch-01.indd 1 18/04/2013 12:23:49 PM. such importance in cultural studies. You will learn more in a moment about these three approaches. Stuart Hall was a cultural theorist who challenged the old definition of representation within the media. Starts with a chapter by Stuart Hall which introduced the concept of representation. used to represent the world. Most of the chapter will be spent exploring the constructionist approach, because it is this What does representation have to do with culture and meaning? Try some variations. To conclude, Stuart Hall introduced his theory of Representation in the early 1970s and while much of what he believed to be true about the media and its representation of women and ethnic minorities is still true today, there has I personally read this and the look on my face is a combination of confused and annoyed. Representation is an essential part of the process by which meaning is produced Cultures lead to different readings of representations (Negotiated, Oppositional, Preferred). He also came up with the model of encoding and decoding. So, producers try to 'fix In this video, aimed at A-level media studies students and teachers, I explain Stuart Halls ideas about representation, including hegemony, stereotypes and re-presentation. Stuart Hall- The Work of Representation Representation connects meaning and language to culture. This is where representation comes in. and events (reflective)? Stuart Hall’s Reception Theory What is the preffered meaning of ‘Life On Mars’? He seems to be implying that this gap is where the interesting stuff comes in. New material by Stuart Hall is particularly welcome, and will be much appreciated given his key role in the development of post-colonial as well as cultural studies. Language and Representation Essay. As the public we should break the typical stereotype. https://www.slideshare.net/jphibbert1979/representation-7259964Representation is the way in which meaning is given to a thing that is depicted, for stand in for something. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Hall also suggests that representation also helps to show that the audience is able to decode of what is happening in the media and how stereotypes are used to relate representation in media. It perhaps suggest that the media manipulate images to add a slightly different meaning to the original one, perhaps to convey a political or social ideology. THE WORK OF REPRESENTATION Stuart Hall 1 REPRESENTATION, MEANING AND LANGUAGE In this chapter we will be concentrating on one of the key processes in the ‘cultural circuit’ (see Du Gay et al., 1997, and the Introduction to this volume) – the practices of representation. Does language express only what the speaker or writer or painter wants to language simply reflect a meaning which already exists out there in the world of objects, people This is easy when thinking about simple things like a chair, but harder when dealing with complicated ideas like, love, hate, beauty or good and bad, which don't actually exist in the real world.He argues that representations reflect culture but that they also help to form culture. Caution, this is not an academic source. can generate. One other main point Hall had was the way images changed between the event and the portrayal in the media. He argues that black representation has been through two phases.The first one being a challenge of the racist stereotype and giving a positive black identity.The second phase, the black subject being considered to be produced inside 'regimes of representations'. But this is a far from simple or straightforward process, We could argue that the people who create the global images that saturate the world also define culture across the world. patriarchy, women Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist, he emphasises the importance of visual representation. To him, representation is the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things.Hall applied his theory of representation especially to black people in the UK and highlighted that many representations tended to be negative and reinforce stereotypes which made them seem different and more segregated. 234 2 RACIALIZING THE … Here what we see and what is represented is a blur and a question to be answered. Hall emphasizes how the media's representation is 'crucial' in defining the problems and issues of public concern. Finally, try to boil it down to a simple explanation that makes sense to you. He comments about how representation is actually a whole series of meaning about an event or thing. However, we probably should concern ourselves with Western or British culture as we are familiar with it.He suggests that representations are used to assign meaning to what is being shown or presented. Useful because it is direct from the person himself.
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Hall emphasises the importance of visual representation – the image seems to be the prevalent sign of late modern culture.
Representation – to present/to depict.
The word suggests something was there already and has been represented by the media.
Representation as that which stands in for something else.
Representation is the way in which meaning is given to the things which are depicted that stand in for something.<… Stuart Hall presents representation by where meaning is produced within language that is constructed through signifying.This representation is produced through members of a culture through the form of language, signs and images that represent things. A simple and easy to understand guide to Stuart Hall's Representation Theory to help students and teachers doing Media Studies at A-level, or even at GCSE. STUART HALL - REPRESENTATION THEORY 1 Encoding, decoding model Hall is interested in the way audiences receive understand and interpret media messages.He is also interested in the way producers ensure that audiences receive their intended He also says that there is a 'gap of representation' between the true meaning or event and the representation. As far as they are concerned, it could just as well be written COW or VACHE or indeed XYZ” (Hall, 1997Hall believed that in the media Black and Immigrant people are always portrayed in a bad view so he believed that people who would read/view these pieces would believe it is not perfect or good to be a Black or Mirant person. But we can also see how it could lead to problems when we look at words like or images of: 'immigrant' 'Muslim' 'homosexual' 'terrorist' ' racist'. Stuart Hall has 135 books on Goodreads with 13613 ratings. perspective which has had the most significant impact on cultural studies in recent years. Stuart Hall: Representation Theory The idea of adultery or cheating is something that people may not want to see a woman doing because they would like to think that women are the innocent and fragile whereas the men In order to 2.1 Representation and identity A Cultural theorist, also a leading figure of the development of media and cultural studies, Stuart Hall’s cultural representation theory is very representative and has a significant impact in the field of cultural studies. Power – through or theories: the reflective, the intentional and the constructionist approaches to representation. This He suggests that the way that the representation is constructed helps to distort or define the meaning the audience should give to what happened in real life. Link 4: A simplified explanation using examples from films featuring Will Smith. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Link 3: A slideshare containing a whole book about representation. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. This could be an event, a person, a group of people etc. 1 REPRESENTATION, MEANING AND LANGUAGE With repeated use, we can see how this could be very useful, as with words like: 'please' 'can' 'I' 'have' 'a' 'glass' 'of' and 'water'. Hall argues for a new view that gives the concept of representation a much more active and creative role in relation to the way people think about the world and their place within it. Here we will be drawing a distinction between three different accounts See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Step 1 - Read the definition given to us by the exam board. He also argues that the way we represent events and people can shape our cultural understanding and 'truth' about different social groups and also that our cultural background will affect how we read (preferred, negotiated, oppositional) representations.He points to the fact that we tend to organize things based on similarity and difference, and that this can influence our cultural reaction to social based on where we draw the lines or connection and difference. Stuart Hall was a cultural theorist who challenged the old definition of representation within the media which was that media distorted or reflected reality. In particular we see Hall lay out the conceptual groundwork for an Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices Book 2 of Culture, Media and Identities series Volume 2 of Open University courses: D Editor Stuart Hall Contributor Open University Edition illustrated, reprint Stuart Hall - Representation Theory. I will need to read it a few times and talk it through with someone. Stuart Hall edit data. Link 2: The Wikipedia page about Hall. Images are used to assign meaning to the thing that really exists and there could be a gap between that meaning and the reality. He suggested that the way the media presents things is that they change it to fit the stereotypes they believe so that viewers are not seeing the real story or image. 226 1.2 Why does 'difference' matter? ideology or by stereotyping – tries to fix the meaning of a representation in a Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist who emphasised the importance of cultural representation in the media. We use representations to communicate with each other but we need to have some shared cultural understandings for that to make sense. ful about, or to represent, the world meaningfully, to other people.’You may well ask, ‘Is that all?’ It is the link between concepts and language which enables us to Cultural theorist Stuart Hall offers an extended meditation on representation. Hall was concerned by just how powerful the media is and believed that the media can effectively dictate what should be issues of public concern and interest through audience positioning. Stuart Hall's preferred reading theory Stuart Hall proposed the idea that as an audience we must decode messages that the media have encoded us to hear and see. In chapter four of “The Work of Representation” Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practice, Stuart Hall begins by giving an overview of Foucault’s perspective of discourse. No public clipboards found for this slide. Hall describes representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and things which stand for or represent things. Hall is a cultural theorist and he examines the media to preset his ideology of how cultural representation in the media and how it is used to look at the general process of representation. He said that whenever they appeared, they were linked to some form of social issue such as immigration. AGENCY: The capacity of individuals to act independently and make free choices. Hall became one of the main proponents of reception theory, and developed Hall's Theory of encoding and decoding. Stuart Hall’s most popular book is Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Pra... * Note: these are all the books on Goodreads for this author. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTzMsPqssOY, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist, https://www.slideshare.net/mattheworegan/stuart-hall-representation-theory, https://www.slideshare.net/sabreenanoor/stuart-hall-representation, https://tracesofthereal.com/2009/12/13/stereotyping-as-a-signifying-practice-stuart-hall-1997/, THEORY - REPRESENTATION (ETHNICITY AND POST-COLONIAL), THEORY - REPRESENTATION (FEMINIST THEORY), THEORY - REPRESENTATION (GENDER PERFORMATIVITY). Well worth a read for a deeper understanding. Link 1: A clip of Stuart Hall giving a lecture on culture and representation. According to Hall, representation is produced by two systems that complete each other to form meaning, the mental representation which includes all objects, people, concepts, and language, which allows us to describe these objects, and people and concepts 2 fproducing meaning that could be communicated through signs like words, sounds, images and objects. is not about whether the media reflects or distorts reality, as this implies When thinking about Stuart Hall’s theoretical legacy, ‘power’ is probably not the first term that comes to mind. One common-sense Representation I need more: Searching might be as simple typing in: 'Theories of Representation - Hall', or you might need to look a little further. Stereotyping is dangerous because it declares "this is what you are, and this is all you are.". So, producers try to ‘fix’ a meaning (or way of understanding) people or events in their texts. Start studying Applying Stuart Hall's Theory of Representation to Riptide. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Hall encourages us to consider the gap of representation and reality and to consider the ideology of the people making the representation (constructing the stereotype) in order to work out why the gap exists. Stuart Hall's theory involves the 'true meaning' and media representation with a gap in the middle to ensure that the image depicted will evoke reaction from the audience. He describes it through phases. A small addition:According to Hall, representations only gain meaning when they are used repeatedly. How does the concept of representation connect meaning and language to culture? Utilising Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding theory, the hegemonic approach to this statement implies that the audience unquestionably accept the statement as the media depicts it, in a manner which reflects the fundamentality of When we look at representations of race we should be interested in the gap of representation and the ideology of the person presenting it. say, his or her personally intended meaning (intentional)? https://www.slideshare.net/reigatemedia/stuart-hall-audience-positioningUsed this the other day, its simple but idk, maybe helpful? Hall believed that blacks were unfairly treated in the media. This theory links directly to reception theory too, but focuses more on how stereotypes are constructed by the media and the hegemonic elite. 1. 223 THE SPECTACLE OF THE 'OTHER' Stuart Hall Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 225 1.1 Heroes or villains? Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist who emphasised the importance of cultural representation in the media. As Stuart Hall describes:“Trees would not mind if we used the word SEERT – ‘trees’ written backwards – to represent the concept of them… it is not at all clear that real trees know that they are trees, and even less clear that they know that the word in English which represents the concept of themselves is written TREE whereas in French it is written ARBRE! 1. Stuart Hall’s theories of representation have always been very important when it comes to cultural theory. Meaning is constituted by representation, by what is present, It is often useful to annotate the links a little to help you remember what they contain and perhaps help you to share them with others. He called this the "gap in representation". It does involve the use of language, of signs and Stuart Hall describes identity as a structured representation which only achieves its positive through the narrow eye of the negative. Link 5: This link is an extract from an essay by Hall on stereotyping. of this chapter is to introduce you to this topic, and to explain what it is about and why we give it Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. explore this connection further, we will look at a number of different theories about how language is He is mostly concerned with images because they are the main way that representations saturate the media. Post your thoughts in the comments section below. Stuart Hall was a cultural theorist and examined the media to preset his ideology of how cultural representation in the media is used to create a meaning to a manipulated image or event to entice the audience in what the producer of this media wants them think through the representation of people. He felt that they were often stereotyped when represented in the media. A more effective strategy is to The aim Representations exist as concepts in our minds and help us to organize reality. that there can be one ‘true’ meaning, but the many meanings a representation Well, yes and no. Use examples if you wish. Hall also focuses on racial thinking within the UK. Social Sciences, Cultural Studies, Critical Theory. 01-Hall_Ch-01.indd 1 18/04/2013 12:23:49 PM. such importance in cultural studies. You will learn more in a moment about these three approaches. Stuart Hall was a cultural theorist who challenged the old definition of representation within the media. Starts with a chapter by Stuart Hall which introduced the concept of representation. used to represent the world. Most of the chapter will be spent exploring the constructionist approach, because it is this What does representation have to do with culture and meaning? Try some variations. To conclude, Stuart Hall introduced his theory of Representation in the early 1970s and while much of what he believed to be true about the media and its representation of women and ethnic minorities is still true today, there has I personally read this and the look on my face is a combination of confused and annoyed. Representation is an essential part of the process by which meaning is produced Cultures lead to different readings of representations (Negotiated, Oppositional, Preferred). He also came up with the model of encoding and decoding. So, producers try to 'fix In this video, aimed at A-level media studies students and teachers, I explain Stuart Halls ideas about representation, including hegemony, stereotypes and re-presentation. Stuart Hall- The Work of Representation Representation connects meaning and language to culture. This is where representation comes in. and events (reflective)? Stuart Hall’s Reception Theory What is the preffered meaning of ‘Life On Mars’? He seems to be implying that this gap is where the interesting stuff comes in. New material by Stuart Hall is particularly welcome, and will be much appreciated given his key role in the development of post-colonial as well as cultural studies. Language and Representation Essay. As the public we should break the typical stereotype. https://www.slideshare.net/jphibbert1979/representation-7259964Representation is the way in which meaning is given to a thing that is depicted, for stand in for something. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Hall also suggests that representation also helps to show that the audience is able to decode of what is happening in the media and how stereotypes are used to relate representation in media. It perhaps suggest that the media manipulate images to add a slightly different meaning to the original one, perhaps to convey a political or social ideology. THE WORK OF REPRESENTATION Stuart Hall 1 REPRESENTATION, MEANING AND LANGUAGE In this chapter we will be concentrating on one of the key processes in the ‘cultural circuit’ (see Du Gay et al., 1997, and the Introduction to this volume) – the practices of representation. Does language express only what the speaker or writer or painter wants to language simply reflect a meaning which already exists out there in the world of objects, people This is easy when thinking about simple things like a chair, but harder when dealing with complicated ideas like, love, hate, beauty or good and bad, which don't actually exist in the real world.He argues that representations reflect culture but that they also help to form culture. Caution, this is not an academic source. can generate. One other main point Hall had was the way images changed between the event and the portrayal in the media. He argues that black representation has been through two phases.The first one being a challenge of the racist stereotype and giving a positive black identity.The second phase, the black subject being considered to be produced inside 'regimes of representations'. But this is a far from simple or straightforward process, We could argue that the people who create the global images that saturate the world also define culture across the world. patriarchy, women Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist, he emphasises the importance of visual representation. To him, representation is the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things.Hall applied his theory of representation especially to black people in the UK and highlighted that many representations tended to be negative and reinforce stereotypes which made them seem different and more segregated. 234 2 RACIALIZING THE … Here what we see and what is represented is a blur and a question to be answered. Hall emphasizes how the media's representation is 'crucial' in defining the problems and issues of public concern. Finally, try to boil it down to a simple explanation that makes sense to you. He comments about how representation is actually a whole series of meaning about an event or thing. However, we probably should concern ourselves with Western or British culture as we are familiar with it.He suggests that representations are used to assign meaning to what is being shown or presented. Useful because it is direct from the person himself.
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