This entry discusses an extract from the book Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. Through his energy, his passion, his modesty, he convinced me of the value of what he calls the “intellectual vocation,” the notion that ideas matter, that they are worth struggling over, that they have something to tell us about and can influence the world out there beyond the academy. Stuart Hall’s REPRESENTATION theory (please do not confuse with RECEPTION) is that there is not a true representation of people or events in a text, but there are lots of ways these can be represented. Why should we think this way about images? Any time a producer of a text tries to ‘fix’ a meaning of a person or event – this will usually reveal viewpoints and bias (political or otherwise) – usually newspapers attempt to demonise groups of people. Teori representasi (theory of representation) Teori Representasi (Theory of Representation) yang dikemukakan oleh Stuart Hall menjadi teori utama yang melandasi penelitian ini. So, producers try to 'fix' a meaning (or way of understanding) people or events... Continue Reading →. ( Log Out / 5. Stuart Hall's REPRESENTATION theory (please do not confuse with RECEPTION) is that there is not a true representation of people or events in a text, but there are lots of ways these can be represented. Reception theory as developed by Stuart Hall asserts that media texts are encoded and decoded. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Hall is very closely identified in media studies with an approach known as “cultural studies,” and he … This theory links directly to reception theory too, but focuses more on how stereotypes are constructed by the media and the hegemonic elite. A more effective strategy is to go inside the stereotype and open it up from within, to deconstruct the work of representation. Just as a good interrogator looks behind the suspect’s story or alibi, so must we probe inside and behind the image. Stuart Hall – Dominant, Oppositional and Negotiated Readings of Representation: “Stuart Hall’s theory (see audiences) is also useful in understanding how some representations reflect the dominant culture e.g. Now, sometimes Hall’s concern with drawing attention to the complexity of communication is seen as downplaying the idea that the media have real a and strong effects on the world. Stuart Hall is Professor of Sociology at the Open University in England and, for the last thirty years, has been at the forefront of work concerning the media’s role in society. George Gerbner's CULTIVATION theory. 2.1. In chapter four of “The Work of Representation” Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practice, Stuart Hall begins by giving an overview of Foucault’s perspective of discourse. Stuart Hall is Professor of Sociology at the Open University in England and, for the last thirty years, has been at the forefront of work concerning the media’s role in society. Despite its comic strip visual construction, Hall wants to hold both these ideas: that messages work in complex ways, and that they are always connected with the way that power operates in any society, together at the same time. Meaning is constituted by representation, by what is present, what is absent, and what is different. One way he does that is through what he calls interrogation of the image. THE WORK OF REPRESENTATION Stuart Hall 1 REPRESENTATION, MEANING AND LANGUAGE In this chapter we will be concentrating on one of the key processes in the ‘cultural circuit’ (see Du Gay et al., 1997, and the Introduction to this volume) – the practices of representation. In this video, aimed at A-level media studies students and teachers, I explain Stuart Halls ideas about representation, including hegemony, stereotypes and re-presentation. Hall is very closely identified in media studies with an approach known as “cultural studies,” and he starts with one of its central concepts: representation. It is imperative to critically interrogate the meanings of media representations. Thus, meaning can be contested. Today theorists who do the analysis of media […] To create deliberate anti-stereotypes is still to attempt to fix the meaning (albeit in a different way). Stuart Hall describes identity as a structured representation which only achieves its positive through the narrow eye of the negative. However, anti-stereotypical representations also try to fix meanings too – so these groups of people who were demonised in some papers might be presented as heroic in others. 228 REPRESENTATION: CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS AND SIGNIFYING PRACTICES CHAPTER 4 THE SPECTACLE OF THE 'OTHER22'9 'villain'. ( Log Out / 4.6 out of 5 stars. Stuart Hall – Key Points
Hall emphasises the importance of visual representation – the image seems to be the prevalent sign of late modern culture.
Representation – to present/to depict.
The word suggests something was there already and has been represented by the media.
Representation as that which stands in for something else.
Representation is the way in which meaning is given to the things which are depicted that stand in for something.<… Stuart Hall: Representation Theory The idea of adultery or cheating is something that people may not want to see a woman doing because they would like to think that women are the innocent and fragile whereas the men are meant to be the ones who are made out to be the bad people The aim Stuart Hall's REPRESENTATION theory. View all posts by stilesguilsborough. According to Hall, producers encode meaning by using certain accepted codes and conventions This means black communities, sexuality and gender are all represented in stereotypical ways to asserts dominance. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Representation and Media Stuart Hall 1997 (Definition of Culture ), Representation and Media Stuart Hall 1997 (Definition of Representation), Definition of Culture Source: Media Education Foundation © MEF 1997 http://www.mediaed.org “SUT JHALLY: As we head toward the 21st century, the role of the mass media in society is being hotly debated. Look at the representations of a previous British Prime Minister below: How have the papers attempted to fix different meanings and how does this reveal their bias (political, gender)? Change ). According to Hall, representation is produced by two systems that complete each other to form meaning, the mental representation which includes all objects, people, concepts, and language, which allows us to describe these objects, and people and concepts 2 producing meaning that could be communicated through signs like words, sounds, images and objects. Change ), Question Generator – Component 2 Section A. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices Book 2 of Culture, Media and Identities series Volume 2 of Open University courses: D: Editor: Stuart Hall: Contributor: Open University: Edition: illustrated, reprint: Publisher: SAGE Publications, 1997: ISBN: 0761954325, 9780761954323: Length: 400 pages: Subjects In this way, he insists on the role that intellectual work can play in helping to regain control of an image-dominated world that has drifted beyond the democratic reach of ordinary people.”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Hall_%28cultural_theorist%29. Teacher of English and Media at Guilsborough Academy. Stuart Hall- The Work of Representation Representation connects meaning and language to culture. 4. ... objects are meaningless- they exist but without a meaning. By examining it, asking the hard questions about it rather than just accepting it at face value. He encapsulates the extreme alternatives of heroism and villainy in world athletics in one black body. He examines our everyday world where knowledge and power intersect. 2. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Marshall McLuhan once said he wasn’t sure who discovered water, but he was pretty sure it wasn’t the fish. The intentional approach: “Words mean what the author intends they should mean,” (177). 55. The term, “The Politics of the Image” refers to this contestation and struggle over what is represented in the media. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Hall shows that an image can have many different meanings and that there is no guarantee that images will work in the way we think they will when we create them. His essay ‘Encoding and Decoding Television Discourse’ focuses on the encoding and decoding of the content given to the audience no matter the form of media such as magazines/papers, television/radios, games. This new view of representation is central to thinking about communication in much more complex ways. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. STUART HALL’S THEORY OF THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION . This program examines this debate by focusing on the work of one of the world’s leading experts on media issues. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. I was an undergraduate student in England in the 1970s, and Stuart came to speak at the university I was attending. Judith Butler's GENDER PERFORMATIVITY theory. $30.13. -British communications scholar -Editor of Representation: Cultural Representations & Signifying Practices -Culture is now an important subject in the human sciences Literal: Pharrell is wearing a headdress on the cover of Elle UK Connotative: Pharrell is a ( Log Out / ( Log Out / Paperback. ( Log Out / He is also interested in the way producers ensure that audiences receive their intended messages. A simple and easy to understand guide to Stuart Hall's Representation Theory to help students and teachers doing Media Studies at A-level, or even at GCSE. Essential Essays (Two-volume set): Foundations of Cultural Studies & Identity and Diaspora (Stuart Hall: Selected Writings) Stuart Hall. This theory links directly to reception theory too, but focuses more on how stereotypes are constructed by the media and the hegemonic elite. 5.0 out of 5 stars. 2.1 Representation and identity A Cultural theorist, also a leading figure of the development of media and cultural studies, Stuart Hall’s cultural representation theory is very representative and has a significant impact in the field of cultural studies. Stuart Hall’s theory of representation – the images of domesticity (including the two women hanging out the laundry) form part of the “shared conceptual road map” that give meaning to the “world” of the advert. https://literariness.org/2020/11/07/analysis-of-stuart-halls-encoding-decoding Title: STUART HALL’S THEORY OF THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION Author: Sheila O'Rourke Last modified by: zody Created Date: 6/26/2008 1:23:55 AM Document presentation format: patriarchy, women in The Sun and in Men’s Magazines like FHM. there is not a true representation of people or events in a text, but there are lots of ways these can be represented. Stuart Hall, “The Work of Representation” (8/31) ... (176). The usual meaning of this term is connected with whether the depiction of something is an accurate or distorted reflection. We routinely make sense of the world using types - broad categories of things with common characteristics. Representation is not about whether the media reflects or distorts reality, as this implies that there can be one ‘true’ meaning, but the many meanings a representation can generate. Hall understands that communication is always linked with power and that those groups who wield power in a society influence what gets represented through the media. What follows is a talk that Stuart Hall gave at the University of Westminster in London. Paper ONE, Section A: News. A representation implicates the audience in creating its meaning. There are several points to make about the way the representation of 'race' and 'otherness' is working in this photo. The idea of interrogation normally brings to mind asking hard questions of a suspect. STUART HALL - REPRESENTATION THEORY 1 Encoding, decoding model Hall is interested in the way audiences receive understand and interpret media messages. We just swim through them, unthinkingly absorbing them as fish in water. So, producers try to ‘fix’ a meaning (or way of understanding) people or events in their texts. ( Log Out / RepresentationThe most cited book for Stuart Hall is Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (1997) which has been cited more than 8000 times according to Google Scholar. I hope your response mirrors my own when I first heard him lecture. Van-Zoonen's FEMINIST theory. Question 1 in the exam will ask you to discuss the concept of representation in two different newspapers. To conclude, Stuart Hall introduced his theory of Representation in the early 1970s and while much of what he believed to be true about the media and its representation of women and ethnic minorities is still true today, there has been some progress and some alternative narratives and representations. But how do we interrogate an image? Who is Stuart Hall? In it, Stuart Hall examines stereotyping and how this practice is employed to construct negative representations of people and groups. ( Log Out / 1. What cultural studies would like us to do is step out of the water in a sense and look at it, see how it shapes our existence, and even critically examine the content of the water. In other words, when we are immersed in something, surrounded by it the way we are by images from the media, we may come to accept them as just part of the real and natural world. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (Culture, Media and Identities series) Stuart Hall. Power – through ideology or by stereotyping – tries to fix the meaning of a representation in a ‘preferred meaning’. It means "using language to say something meaningful about, or to represent, the world meaningfully, to other people". Stuart Hall developed reception theory, popularly known as Audience Theory or reader’s reception theory, in 1973. In this video, aimed at A-level media studies students and teachers, I explain Stuart Halls ideas about representation, including hegemony, stereotypes and re-presentation. 2.
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Hall emphasises the importance of visual representation – the image seems to be the prevalent sign of late modern culture.
Representation – to present/to depict.
The word suggests something was there already and has been represented by the media.
Representation as that which stands in for something else.
Representation is the way in which meaning is given to the things which are depicted that stand in for something.<… Stuart Hall: Representation Theory The idea of adultery or cheating is something that people may not want to see a woman doing because they would like to think that women are the innocent and fragile whereas the men are meant to be the ones who are made out to be the bad people The aim Stuart Hall's REPRESENTATION theory. View all posts by stilesguilsborough. According to Hall, producers encode meaning by using certain accepted codes and conventions This means black communities, sexuality and gender are all represented in stereotypical ways to asserts dominance. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Representation and Media Stuart Hall 1997 (Definition of Culture ), Representation and Media Stuart Hall 1997 (Definition of Representation), Definition of Culture Source: Media Education Foundation © MEF 1997 http://www.mediaed.org “SUT JHALLY: As we head toward the 21st century, the role of the mass media in society is being hotly debated. Look at the representations of a previous British Prime Minister below: How have the papers attempted to fix different meanings and how does this reveal their bias (political, gender)? Change ). According to Hall, representation is produced by two systems that complete each other to form meaning, the mental representation which includes all objects, people, concepts, and language, which allows us to describe these objects, and people and concepts 2 producing meaning that could be communicated through signs like words, sounds, images and objects. Change ), Question Generator – Component 2 Section A. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices Book 2 of Culture, Media and Identities series Volume 2 of Open University courses: D: Editor: Stuart Hall: Contributor: Open University: Edition: illustrated, reprint: Publisher: SAGE Publications, 1997: ISBN: 0761954325, 9780761954323: Length: 400 pages: Subjects In this way, he insists on the role that intellectual work can play in helping to regain control of an image-dominated world that has drifted beyond the democratic reach of ordinary people.”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Hall_%28cultural_theorist%29. Teacher of English and Media at Guilsborough Academy. Stuart Hall- The Work of Representation Representation connects meaning and language to culture. 4. ... objects are meaningless- they exist but without a meaning. By examining it, asking the hard questions about it rather than just accepting it at face value. He encapsulates the extreme alternatives of heroism and villainy in world athletics in one black body. He examines our everyday world where knowledge and power intersect. 2. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Marshall McLuhan once said he wasn’t sure who discovered water, but he was pretty sure it wasn’t the fish. The intentional approach: “Words mean what the author intends they should mean,” (177). 55. The term, “The Politics of the Image” refers to this contestation and struggle over what is represented in the media. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Hall shows that an image can have many different meanings and that there is no guarantee that images will work in the way we think they will when we create them. His essay ‘Encoding and Decoding Television Discourse’ focuses on the encoding and decoding of the content given to the audience no matter the form of media such as magazines/papers, television/radios, games. This new view of representation is central to thinking about communication in much more complex ways. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. STUART HALL’S THEORY OF THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION . This program examines this debate by focusing on the work of one of the world’s leading experts on media issues. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. I was an undergraduate student in England in the 1970s, and Stuart came to speak at the university I was attending. Judith Butler's GENDER PERFORMATIVITY theory. $30.13. -British communications scholar -Editor of Representation: Cultural Representations & Signifying Practices -Culture is now an important subject in the human sciences Literal: Pharrell is wearing a headdress on the cover of Elle UK Connotative: Pharrell is a ( Log Out / ( Log Out / Paperback. ( Log Out / He is also interested in the way producers ensure that audiences receive their intended messages. A simple and easy to understand guide to Stuart Hall's Representation Theory to help students and teachers doing Media Studies at A-level, or even at GCSE. Essential Essays (Two-volume set): Foundations of Cultural Studies & Identity and Diaspora (Stuart Hall: Selected Writings) Stuart Hall. This theory links directly to reception theory too, but focuses more on how stereotypes are constructed by the media and the hegemonic elite. 5.0 out of 5 stars. 2.1 Representation and identity A Cultural theorist, also a leading figure of the development of media and cultural studies, Stuart Hall’s cultural representation theory is very representative and has a significant impact in the field of cultural studies. Stuart Hall’s theory of representation – the images of domesticity (including the two women hanging out the laundry) form part of the “shared conceptual road map” that give meaning to the “world” of the advert. https://literariness.org/2020/11/07/analysis-of-stuart-halls-encoding-decoding Title: STUART HALL’S THEORY OF THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION Author: Sheila O'Rourke Last modified by: zody Created Date: 6/26/2008 1:23:55 AM Document presentation format: patriarchy, women in The Sun and in Men’s Magazines like FHM. there is not a true representation of people or events in a text, but there are lots of ways these can be represented. Stuart Hall, “The Work of Representation” (8/31) ... (176). The usual meaning of this term is connected with whether the depiction of something is an accurate or distorted reflection. We routinely make sense of the world using types - broad categories of things with common characteristics. Representation is not about whether the media reflects or distorts reality, as this implies that there can be one ‘true’ meaning, but the many meanings a representation can generate. Hall understands that communication is always linked with power and that those groups who wield power in a society influence what gets represented through the media. What follows is a talk that Stuart Hall gave at the University of Westminster in London. Paper ONE, Section A: News. A representation implicates the audience in creating its meaning. There are several points to make about the way the representation of 'race' and 'otherness' is working in this photo. The idea of interrogation normally brings to mind asking hard questions of a suspect. STUART HALL - REPRESENTATION THEORY 1 Encoding, decoding model Hall is interested in the way audiences receive understand and interpret media messages. We just swim through them, unthinkingly absorbing them as fish in water. So, producers try to ‘fix’ a meaning (or way of understanding) people or events in their texts. ( Log Out / RepresentationThe most cited book for Stuart Hall is Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (1997) which has been cited more than 8000 times according to Google Scholar. I hope your response mirrors my own when I first heard him lecture. Van-Zoonen's FEMINIST theory. Question 1 in the exam will ask you to discuss the concept of representation in two different newspapers. To conclude, Stuart Hall introduced his theory of Representation in the early 1970s and while much of what he believed to be true about the media and its representation of women and ethnic minorities is still true today, there has been some progress and some alternative narratives and representations. But how do we interrogate an image? Who is Stuart Hall? In it, Stuart Hall examines stereotyping and how this practice is employed to construct negative representations of people and groups. ( Log Out / 1. What cultural studies would like us to do is step out of the water in a sense and look at it, see how it shapes our existence, and even critically examine the content of the water. In other words, when we are immersed in something, surrounded by it the way we are by images from the media, we may come to accept them as just part of the real and natural world. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (Culture, Media and Identities series) Stuart Hall. Power – through ideology or by stereotyping – tries to fix the meaning of a representation in a ‘preferred meaning’. It means "using language to say something meaningful about, or to represent, the world meaningfully, to other people". Stuart Hall developed reception theory, popularly known as Audience Theory or reader’s reception theory, in 1973. In this video, aimed at A-level media studies students and teachers, I explain Stuart Halls ideas about representation, including hegemony, stereotypes and re-presentation. 2.
- Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist who mainly focuses on racial thinking in the UK. Essentially, this theory explains that language imitates the true meaning of the object, person, etc. In contrast to this, Hall argues for a new view that gives the concept of representation a much more active and creative role in relation to the way people think about the world and their place within it. The producer encodes messages and values into their media which are then decoded by the audience. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. He describes his theory as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things 3. Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist who emphasised the importance of cultural representation in the media.
- Now a Professor of Sociology at the Open University, he was a major figure in the revival of the British political Left in the 1960s and '70s
- Saw/three points/media power-polysemic
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